DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)

DIABETES MELLITUS OVERVIEW

      Characterized by a combination of insulin resistance and altered insulin secretion.

      Secondary complications are more responsible for loss of working ability, invalidism, reduced life expectancy, and Quality Of Life than elevated blood glucose.

GLOBAL BURDEN

      Serious illness with multiple complications and premature mortality

      Accounting average 10% on Health care expenditure in many countries

      WHO estimates : more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes

      2005: 1.1 million died from Diabetes.

      80% Death: low and middle income countries.

      Half of Deaths >70 years of age

      50% of diabetic deaths: women

      Much of increase in incidence occur in developing countries : due to population growth, ageing, behavioral factors ( tobacco use, unhealthy diets, sedentary lifestyles) that lead to obesity and Hyperlipidemia.

      Usually affecting middle –age, productive years of lives, age between 35-64

      Growing incidence of Type 2 DM  at a younger age

DM IN SUDAN

PREVALENCE OF DIABETES:

Diabetes Mellitus ranks second among the major NCDs.

The prevalence is highest among adults

•      19.2% (Khartoum state risk factor survey 2005-2006)

•      14.5%  (Sudan House Hold survey 2010)

• Some community based studies revealed a high prevalence of diabetes of 24.3% in Argo Town in Dongola (2003) and 24.6% in Alkabashi Area 2006.

•      Poor glycaemic control (88%)

•      Complications are common   (67%)

•      High mortality rates among children.

PREVALENCE OF DM RISK FACTORS

Tobacco use:

• 29.1% for smoking
• 25.9% for snuff

Physical inactivity:                                     

• 87% physically inactive

Obesity & overweight:

• 41.5% for male
• 62.5% for female

Hyperlipidemia (High blood cholesterol):

• 19.6% for male
• 19.9% for female